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1. How long are the DNA strands in all the cells of a human body when strung together?

A. Distance Budapest - Rome as the crow flies

B. Distance Budapest - New York as the crow flies

C. Five (5) complete circles around our planet, the Earth.

D. Five hundred thousand (500 000) complete circles around our planet, the Earth.

2. Why is inulinused as a sugar substitute in most dietary supplements?

A. Because it is a good source of energy.

B. Because it helps digestion.

C. Because it supports the immune system.

D. Because it does not raise insulin levels.

3. Injury of the rotator cuff of the shoulder is now a "hit" disease, which is receiving more and more attention and is increasingly identified as a causative factor in shoulder complaints. One of the claims is true for damage to the rotator cuff!

A. Without proper treatment it will result in rupture.

B. It is characterized only by a reduction in rotational movement of the shoulder joint, which facilitates diagnosis.

C. Usually involves a narrowing of the range of motion of the shoulder joint.

D. Heals well in a short time, even spontaneously.

4. Research on proanthocyanidins (extracts of red berries) has been a prominent topic in recent years. Let's see why this extract is so important and popular! One of the following statements is NOT true. I wonder which one it is?

A. Proanthocyanidins can neutralise forty times the combined free radical scavenging capacity of vitamins C and E.

B. Proanthocyanidins play an important role in protecting the vascular wall and activating the enzyme nitric oxide synthase, which leads to a much better supply of nutrients and oxygen at the cellular level by relaxing the arteries.

C. Proanthocyanidins preserve the elasticity of blood vessels, may prevent atherosclerosis, lower blood pressure, prevent platelet aggregation, prevent blood clots and protect against heart attacks. In addition, they inhibit the formation of substances involved in the inflammation process, including histamine, thereby reducing allergy symptoms.

D. Proanthocyanidins increase blood cholesterol levels.

5. The oxygen tolerance of the cells that make up our tissues and organs is not uniform. In our body, there are cells that die quickly when oxygen is depleted and cells that tolerate oxygen depletion relatively well. Of course, because our body is aerobic, oxygen deprivation will sooner or later cause death in all our cells, but there is a sequence to the vulnerability of major organs and tissues. Please specify the correct order (from most vulnerable to most resistant).?

A. Heart, brain, white blood cells, pancreas, kidney, liver, skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, skin.

B. Brain, heart, kidney, sphincter, skeletal muscle, tendons, white blood cells, hair follicles, skin.

C. Brain, heart, liver, kidney, pancreas, skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, skin, tendons, white blood cells, hair follicles.

D. Brain, heart, white blood cells, pancreas, kidney, liver, muscles, tendons, hair follicles, skin.

6. A disease called osteoporosis affects a large percentage of developed societies. Dietary collagen peptides have been shown to have a beneficial effect on ostoporosis. This is due to the following reasons. One statement is NOT true about the effect of collagen peptides on osteoporosis!

A. Reduces bone breakdown processes.

B. Boost bone formation.

C. Helps the absorption of calcium.

D. Increases the body's oestrogen levels, thereby counteracting the development of osteoporosis.

7. The ketogenic diet is a very popular weight loss method that is followed by many people today. This diet has both beneficial and less beneficial aspects. One of the following statements is false.

A. Reduced carbohydrate intake also benefits people with diabetes.

B. May cause fatigue and lethargy in the initial period.

C. It was created for people with epilepsy, inherently.

D. In the long term, it can cause thrombosis or heart attacks.

8. Achilles tendon pain is a common, recurring complaint in ordinary people, not just athletes. There are several options for treating this complaint in the initial phase, but one of the following does not stand up.

A. Physiotherapy.

B. Modifying the load.

C. Dietary changes.

D. Steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

9. Tennis elbow? It is not only seen in athletes, but can also be triggered by everyday activities! Symptoms can develop suddenly or slowly and gradually. There are many different treatments, and it is best to start using them together. Opinions are also divided among orthopaedic surgeons about treatments, but fortunately there are some common views. Which of the following remedies is the most popular among professionals?

A. Physiotherapy.

B. Therapeutic X-ray irradiation.

C. Modify the load, start physiotherapy.

D. Steroid injection.

10. Golf elbow is not as common a complaint as tennis elbow, but it still overshadows many people's daily lives and is a musculoskeletal complaint that tends to stay with them for a long time. Effective treatment requires a number of different approaches to be taken at the same time. Which of the following treatments is the most controversial among professionals?

A. Starting early gymnastics with modified muscle strength instead of resting.

B. Stretching.

C. Physiotherapy.

D. Steroid injection.

11. Wrist ganglion is also a common complaint in the common man. If nothing else, many of us have experienced this annoying phenomenon from time to time. Which of the following treatments is the least effective?

A. Relaxation, load reduction.

B. Local cooling and taking anti-inflammatory drugs.

C. Steroid injection.

D. Physiotherapy.

12. Snapping finger phenomenon is also a common problem. Its formation is due to a misalignment between the tendon sheath (labrum) and the flexor tendon running in it, so that the thickened tendon gets stuck in the ring of the tendon sheath. The problem can be exacerbated by a narrowing of the tendon, which makes it even more prone to jamming. Which of the following treatments is the least effective?

13. Why do we prefer protein-based diets in weight maintenance diets? One of the following four statements is not true.

A. They put less energy into the body than fats.

B. They have a higher saturation index than carbohydrates and fats, meaning they are more saturated.

C. Protein intake for the muscles is essential for adequate calorie expenditure during intense physical activity.

D. Because protein intake slows down metabolic processes.

14. Hip pain in adults. In principle, it can affect all ages, but we will now focus on adult forms. Of all the possible treatments, one is the least likely to have the least effect.

A. Ion-induction treatment.

B. Shockwave treatment.

C. Ultrasound treatment.

D. Dietary supplements that support cartilage metabolism.

15. Bursitis trochanterica, also known as bursitis trochanterica, can cause severe pain for a long or short period of time, which can severely limit mobility. It can affect essentially any age group. One of the following statements is not true.

A. Often associated with hip fracture.

B. More common in women.

C. On pressing or touching, severe pain occurs in the hip area.

D. No correlation with credit.

E. Can also occur in young athletes.

16. Hip osteoarthritis, also known as coxarthrosis, is a widespread disease in Hungary, Western Europe and the United States, with a very high incidence of patients and a huge financial burden for the state and the individual. One of the following statements is not true.

A. In the morning, a start-up complaint is typical.

B. It has a primary and a secondary form.

C. Wear is accompanied by inflammation, which can be confirmed by laboratory tests.

D. Hip dislocation is a major predisposing factor.

E. In the initial stages, it usually responds well to conservative treatment.

17. ITB syndrome, also known as iliotibial band pain, occurs mainly in athletes and is basically caused by overuse. The primary complaint is usually in the knee area, but as it is a long, taut ligament that forms a complex unit from the pelvis to the shin on the outside of the lower limb, pain from overuse can in principle occur anywhere along the entire length of the ligament. One of the following statements is under discussion.

A. Very common in runners.

B.It can even cause a popping hip phenomenon.

C. Often not recognised and treated as a knee joint complaint.

D. Rest and local cooling will help relieve symptoms.

E. Stretching exercises help to achieve symptom relief.

18. Overuse and tears of tendons around the knee joint affect many athletes and the average person over 40. One of the following statements is not true.

A. Runners often suffer from patellar tendon pain due to overuse.

B. Quadriceps tendon ruptures usually heal well without surgery.

C. Chronic pain in the patellar tendon can also lead to a tear.

D.In the case of pain from overuse, muscle strengthening exercises involving stretching can help to relieve symptoms.

E. Rest and local cooling will help to relieve symptoms in the initial stages.

19. Knee joint meniscus injuries are a very common musculoskeletal complaint. One of the following statements is not true.

A. In addition to early diagnosis of the injury, sparing gives a good chance of recovery.

B. Usually requires a surgical solution.

C. It can also be a hotbed for knee joint wear.

D. It can also significantly limit your everyday life.

E. It can affect both young and old.

20. Ligamentous injuries of the knee joint are also a common type of injury. One of the following statements is not true.

A. There is always a risk of knee joint instability.

B. If not treated properly, it can lead to premature wear and tear of the knee joint.

C. Usually requires a surgical solution.

D. It is characterised by swelling, knee joint tightness and pain.

E. Mainly affects the younger age group.

21. Partial tears of the legs are not a very common type of injury, but they do occur in athletes. One of the following statements is not true.

A. Injury is typically in the young age group.

B. In rare cases, a surgical solution is required.

C. It also shows good response to conservative treatment.

D. It is characterised by swelling, local tenderness and possibly visible haemorrhage.

22. Sagging of the girdle is a very common foot deformity that mainly affects people over the age of 30, and women are the most affected. One of the following statements is not true.

A. Hammer toe will result in deformity over time.

B. Bunions can result in deformity over time.

C. The various supports and rails have no significant influence on the deformation.

D. Forefoot pain can result over time.

23. Sagging of the longitudinal arch is an extremely common foot deformity affecting both young and older people. One of the following statements is not true.

A. Hammer toe can result in deformity over time.

B. Bunion deformity does not result in more severe cases.

C.Even in childhood, it is worth using a longitudinal arch lifter to slow down the progression.

D. Heel droop (ankle sagging) may be observed in more advanced forms.

24. Fasciitis plantaris (plantar fasciitis) is a common foot complaint in the adult population in Hungary. One of the following predisposing factors is not the case.

25. A common and relatively low-risk spinal injury is a so-called pinching, which usually occurs as a result of a sudden movement. One of the following statements does not hold true.

A. May cause symptoms radiating to the limb after a few days.

B. Disc herniation is not the main cause of the complaints.

C. A weak deep muscle is a predisposing factor.

D. It can only develop from a sudden movement.

E. Gerinctorna, massage, manual therapy helps to get rid of the complaints very quickly.

26. Another very common spinal disorder, but one with potentially serious complications, is disc herniation. One of the following statements does not hold true.

A. It is characterised by limb numbness and pain.

B. Compression of the nerve roots in the spinal segment is responsible for the development of the symptoms.

C. Weak trunk muscle is a predisposing factor.

D. May not cause muscle paralysis, only sensory disturbance.

E. Responds well to physiotherapy in many cases.

27. Vertebral body fractures are a common type of fracture in old age in developed countries. One of the following statements does not hold true.

A. The presence of osteoporosis increases the risk of vertebral fracture.

B. A vertebral body fracture can occur even with intact bone structure.

C. Treatment can be either conservative or surgical.

D. Should not result in motor control failure (paralysis).

E. The risk can be significantly reduced with proper screening.

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